Fats and Oils in Pet Food
Fats and Oils Supply 2 1/4 energy
Fats are used in the body for energy, and supply 2 1/4 times the calorie than any protein or carbohydrate. As well, they are used as a palatability enhancer, they carry fat soluble vitamins, and the help shape the texture of the food. All fats are not created equal however, and the type as well and quality and quantity play a huge role in cat and skin development, and overall health.
Many common fats and oils can be utilized effectively by dogs and cats, provided they have not been cooked at a high temperature. Some common forms of fats and oils used commercially are chicken fat, canola oil, salmon oil, and hydrogenated vegetable oils. The fats that are found in commercial pet foods are around 90% digestible.
Essential fatty acids are the fatty acids present in fats that are required by the body. The three most important are linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and arachidonic. In dogs, arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid. Cats, however, cannot synthesize arachidonic and need it in their diet along with linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic. Essential fatty acids should constitute at least 2% of the daily caloric intake to prevent deficiencies.
The percentage of linoleic acid varies greatly depending on the fat source. Because of the energy that fats and oils provide in pet food, this may be an area to look at if you are dealing with an over weight pet. However you must take caution in simply reducing fat and oil intake, as this may result in an itchy, flaky coat.
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